What is Sustainability?
"Nature has enough for everybody's need; not for everybody's greed."
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Quoting the Mahatma may no longer be fashionable but these words are more relevant today than they've ever been.
Every material used in construction comes, eventually, from the earth. For any architect who cares about nature, that is a predicament to be faced every day. I know it is unrealistic to halt the production or extraction of such materials but we should, at the very least, try and minimise their usage.
A simple example: small structures in India are often built with reinforced cement concrete frames when ordinary load-bearing brickwork (which is about 25% cheaper by the way) would be more than satisfactory.
Nature-friendly Architecture & Design
Nature has an enormous ability to repair herself but when we exceed her capacity to do so, this cycle of restoration and renewal is broken.
Sustainable architecture and design takes into consideration all aspects of construction that affect the environment.
There are many factors that go into making a building nature-friendly:
Using Sensible MaterialsRCC is wasteful for small structures, asbestos is a killer and materials abundant in the vicinity of the site are often the most sound. <more...>
Better Design MethodsAmbient temperature can be controlled by intelligent designing and plantation, local practices are usually the smartest and construction wastage can be reduced by a huge extent. <more...>
Saving EnergyDuring its life cycle, a building needs a huge amount of energy for lighting, pumping, heating and cooling. Proper planning goes a long way in saving the associated costs. <more...>
Saving WaterEasily the most important factor in my estimation, saving, harvesting and recycling water is much easier than it is made out to be. <more...>
Waste DisposalDisposal of solid waste might not be an architect's area of expertise but we can play a proactive role by designing for composting pits etc. <more...>
Impediments
The biggest deterrent to making clients accept sustainable solutions is, usually, perceived cost. That's because they almost always compare apples with oranges. For example, if a solar heating system is installed for a project, it will naturally raise the initial cost but, if you calculate how much it saves in the medium to long term, you will find that it doesn't make sense not to fit it. Essentially, green buildings cost less in the long term.
Even as far as basic construction is concerned, green building costs can be made lower than for typical structures. This was amply demonstrated while building Kaya Kalp where, locally available, low-tech materials and labour were used.
